Kittur Chennamma was the Queen of Kittur, a princely state located in present-day Karnataka, India. She is remembered as one of the earliest leaders to actively resist British colonial expansion in India. Born in the village of Kakati, Chennamma was trained in martial arts, archery, and horse riding, and became a skilled warrior. At the age of 15, she married Raja Mallasarja, and after his death in 1816, she assumed the responsibility of ruling Kittur.

In 1824, after the death of her son, Chennamma adopted Shivalingappa as her heir, a decision that angered the British East India Company. The British, who sought control over Kittur, sought to impose their rule and annul her succession. This conflict triggered the first of several battles. In 1824, Chennamma led her forces to victory in the first battle, where British forces suffered heavy losses, and their political agent, St John Thackeray, was killed. However, despite her success, the British persisted with their efforts to annex Kittur.

The second rebellion, which followed, was marked by fierce resistance from Chennamma and her deputy, Sangolli Rayanna. Despite their courage and the support of local forces, the British eventually captured Chennamma, and she was imprisoned in Bailhongal Fort. She passed away in 1829 due to deteriorating health while in captivity.

Kittur Chennamma's resistance against British rule is a significant chapter in India's freedom struggle. Her first victory over the British remains a symbol of courage and resilience. She continues to be celebrated as a folk heroine in Karnataka, and the Kittur Utsava, held annually, honors her legacy.