Anna Mani (1918 – 2001)

Pioneering Scientist in Meteorology and Renewable Energy

Anna Mani, one of India's pioneering women scientists, made extraordinary contributions to the field of meteorology, a field still evolving in her time. As one of the first women in India to lead significant scientific work, she transformed meteorological practices in India and contributed to the country’s self-reliance in weather forecasting technology.

Mani's innovative work in meteorology and her visionary approach to renewable energy and environmental sciences allowed India to become a global leader in harnessing wind power. She was instrumental in designing and manufacturing weather instruments, including the ozonesonde, which helped measure the ozone layer. By developing these technologies and creating a network of monitoring stations, she enabled more accurate weather predictions and supported India’s self-sufficiency in meteorological tools.

She also led a division of 121 male scientists at the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), where she established the production of nearly 100 different weather instruments, helping India become self-reliant in scientific tools. Her exceptional career was marked by significant accolades, including the INSA K. R. Ramanathan Medal in 1987. She also published two important books on solar radiation and wind energy, further contributing to the development of India’s meteorological and energy research. Anna Mani's life and work stand as a testament to the power of perseverance and the impact one individual can have on a nation’s scientific progress.